英语时态16种基本时态图

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‌一、现在时态 (Present Tenses)‌

• 一般现在时 (Simple Present)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + 动词原形（第三人称单数加-s）
  • ‌用法‌：习惯性动作、客观事实、普遍真理。
  • ‌例句‌：She writes novels. / The sun rises in the east.
    
• 现在进行时 (Present Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + am/is/are + 现在分词（动词-ing）
  • ‌用法‌：正在进行的动作或临时情况。
  • ‌例句‌：I am reading a book now.
    
• 现在完成时 (Present Perfect)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + have/has + 过去分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去发生但与现在有关联的动作；持续到现在的状态。
  • ‌例句‌：He has finished his homework. / I have lived here for 5 years.
    
• ‌现在完成进行时 (Present Perfect Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + have/has been + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去开始并持续到现在的动作，强调动作的持续性。
  • ‌例句‌：She has been studying for 3 hours.
    

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‌二、过去时态 (Past Tenses)‌

• ‌一般过去时 (Simple Past)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + 动词过去式
  • ‌用法‌：过去发生的具体动作或状态。
  • ‌例句‌：They visited Paris last year.
    
• ‌过去进行时 (Past Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + was/were + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：I was cooking when she called.
    
• ‌过去完成时 (Past Perfect)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + had + 过去分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作（“过去的过去”）。
  • ‌例句‌：By the time we arrived, the movie had already started.
    
• ‌过去完成进行时 (Past Perfect Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + had been + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：持续到过去某一时刻的动作，强调过程。
  • ‌例句‌：He had been working for 8 hours before he took a break.
    

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‌三、将来时态 (Future Tenses)‌

• ‌一般将来时 (Simple Future)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + will/shall + 动词原形
  • ‌用法‌：预测、计划或未来的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：I will call you tomorrow.
    
• 将来进行时 (Future Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + will be + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：将来某一时刻正在进行的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：This time next week, I will be traveling to Japan.
    
• ‌将来完成时 (Future Perfect)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + will have + 过去分词
  • ‌用法‌：在将来某一时间点之前完成的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：By 2025, she will have graduated from university.
    
• 将来完成进行时 (Future Perfect Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + will have been + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：持续到将来某一时刻的动作，强调持续性。
  • ‌例句‌：By December, I will have been working here for 3 years.
    

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‌四、过去将来时态 (Past Future Tenses)‌
（通常用于间接引语或虚拟语气）
1. 一般过去将来时 (Simple Past Future)‌
             结构‌：主语 + would + 动词原形
             用法‌：过去对未来的预测或计划。
             例句‌：He said he would come to the party.

• 过去将来进行时 (Past Future Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + would be + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去预计将来某一时间正在进行的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：She knew he would be waiting at the station.
    
• 过去将来完成时 (Past Future Perfect)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + would have + 过去分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去预计在将来某一时间前完成的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：He promised he would have finished the report by Friday.
    
• 过去将来完成进行时 (Past Future Perfect Continuous)‌
  
  • ‌结构‌：主语 + would have been + 现在分词
  • ‌用法‌：过去预计持续到将来某一时刻的动作。
  • ‌例句‌：By June, she would have been studying French for 5 years.
    

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‌备注‌

• ‌常用时态‌：日常交流中，一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时和现在完成时使用频率最高。
• ‌复杂时态‌：过去将来时态和完成进行时态多用于正式写作或复杂语境（如条件句、间接引语）。
  

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